Hans Walser, [20141209]

Regular Polygons and Right Triangles

1     What about

We draw circles of equal size and inscribe them regular polygons and regular star polygons. With the sides of these figures we try to form right triangles.

2     Possible solutions

A brute force approach indicates the conjecture that there are only fife solutions, two of them with stars (Tab. 1).

 

First polygon

Second polygon

Third polygon

6

4

3

6

6

4

10

6

5

10

10/3

3

6

10/3

5/2

Tab. 1: Solutions

 

2.1    Hexagon, square, and triangle

 

Fig. 1: 6, 4, 3

 

The right triangle is half a rectangle in the DIN format (European paper format).

2.2    Two hexagons and a square

 

Fig. 2: 6, 6, 4

 

The right triangle is half a square

2.3    Decagon, hexagon, and pentagon

 

Fig. 3: 10, 6, 5

 

The right triangle is half a golden rectangle.

2.4    Decagon, decagonal star, and triangle

 

Fig. 4: 10, 10/3, 3

 

The right triangle is half a long golden rectangle with sides  and .

2.5    Hexagon, decagonal star, and pentagram

 

Fig. 5: 6, 10/3, 5/2

 

The right triangle is half a golden rectangle.

3     Two-gons

If we allow regular two-gons, i. e. diameters, we get infinitely many solutions. Table 2 gives the first solutions. The two-gon is always the third polygon.

 

First polygon

Second polygon

Third polygon

4

4

2

6

3

2

6

4

3

6

6

4

8

8/3

2

10

5/2

2

10

6

5

10

10/3

3

5

10/3

2

6

10/3

5/2

12

12/5

2

14

7/3

2

14/3

7/2

2

7

14/5

2

16

16/7

2

16/3

16/5

2

16

16/7

2

18

9/4

2

9/2

18/5

2

9

18/7

2

20

20/9

2

20/3

20/7

2

Tab. 2: Two-gons included

 

3.1    6, 3, 2

 

Fig. 6: 6, 3, 2

 

3.2    14/3, 7/2, 2

 

Fig. 7: 14/3, 7/2, 2

 

3.3    General case

One of the two first polygons is arbitrary. The second polygon is such that each side is orthogonal to a side of the first polygon. The circles of the two polygons are tangent.